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Meaning and definition of mentally handicapped: -
Most people think that mental retardation is a disease. But this obstacle is not a disease, it is a position. Those who suffer from this disability, their intelligence does not increase in proportion to age, as a result they lag behind all children of normal age in all respects. They do not understand how to deal with whom, when or in what environment. They create a world of their own. Whose edges became impossible for man to find.
The definition of mentally handicapped has been put forward by various educators and psychologists. Among them is the definition presented by the American Association of Mental Retardation (AAMR): In the present situation, there is a considerable inability to function and at the same time, the intelligence is less than normal. In addition to these, there are limitations or impediments in communicating with others, taking care of oneself, living in harmony with others in the family, social activities, self-management, health and safety, education, leisure, etc. The condition is called mental retardation.
Causes of mental disability: -
* Congenital
* Pregnancy problems
* The mother suffers from malnutrition and malnutrition
* If the mother has diabetes, mental and physical illness.
* Low social and economic status can sometimes be the cause of a child's mental disability.
Classification of mentally handicapped children: -
90 to 110 IQs of those people are called normal IQs. If one's IQ is below 90 and above 60, then that person is considered to be in a marginal state. In the case of IQ, all these children can be given normal education with a little effort so that they can become proficient in normal life. Only those with IQ below 60 are considered mentally handicapped. From a psychological point of view, children under the age of 60 are divided into four classes.
1) Below IQ 20-25 - Severe Obstacles (All these children have no chance of education. From birth onwards, these children have no option but to live with disability and dependency)
2) Below IQ 20-25 to 35-40 - Acute disability (Children who have IQ should be taught some strategies to work in their daily life so that they can be protected from dependency.)
3)Below IQ 35-40 to 50-55 - Moderate impediment (They are said to be trainable. They can be taught some general vocational work along with teaching them how to work in daily life.)
4)Below IQ 50-55 to 60 - Mild Disabilities (These are considered to be educable. They are not particularly benefited in the education system like normal children. They need special education system)
Characteristics of mentally handicapped children: -
A. Physical features: - Physical development of mental children is very slow compared to normal children. Muscle coordination is seen to be faulty and sluggish motion. Many have eye, nose, ear, and speech impairments.
B. Mental traits: - Lack of intelligence is the main issue in these children. It goes without saying that there is no ability to think or apply experience. Curiosity, rationality, proper language application, lack of attention, lack of slow sitting still can be noticed.
C. Social and moral characteristics: - The social development of these children is much less than their age as they do not have the ability to understand the social situation. And what is moral, what is immoral, they do not have the power to judge. They cannot be sociable because they do not have the power to judge the choice of friends.
Identification of mentally handicapped children: -
The physical development of these children is at a slow pace. Parents should therefore keep an eye on the developmental traits of children and seek the advice of experts or psychologists in case of errors so that they can be easily identified. Here are some ways to identify children -
1. Application of IQ test: - It is possible to identify these children through accurate assessment by determining their IQ by applying standardized IQ test with language or language-free test.
2. Applying Social Consequences Experience: - Many times these children do not understand the answers and instructions of appropriate questions. So intelligence tests may not always be successful. So it is possible to guide them in the right direction by determining the direction of their outcome through parents.
3. Collection of evolutionary history: - Collection of evolutionary history is an essential part of identifying these types of children. By collecting this information it is possible to evaluate them accurately.
Education system for mentally handicapped children: -
A. All those children who are severely and severely handicapped have an education plan for them: -
Special education system cannot play a very effective role in very severe and acute obstruction. Because the level of their intelligence is so low that their ability to receive a fair education is almost non-existent. However, individualized education planning can be done by judging the overall condition and characteristics of the children who are victims of this condition.
Pre-primary level -
At this level the focus is on learning to stimulate the sensory conduction of these children, physical development, making basic habits of their daily activities, learning to recognize acquaintances etc.
School level: -
Physical mobility, language development - identifying people and objects by name, trying to draw attention to oneself, etc. is an attempt at learning which is called school level.
আরো পড়ুনঃ-
Adult level: -
At the adult level it is a little harder to perform sensory adjustments such as picking, folding, physical skills, taking care of oneself - doing one's own work, speaking skills - listening to others, answering, etc.
B) Education system for children with moderate mental disability: -
Emphasis is placed on enhancing general skills in the educational activities of such children. What is taught here is - to do one's own work, to give ideas about the individual and society, to give ideas about physical education, to teach in work-going schools, to communicate with others and to give vocational education. In order to move these children forward with an emphasis on these issues, they need to move from the simplest to the most complex or diverse. So that they can perform their own actions without the help of others.
C) Mild mental disability: -
These types of children are capable of learning. But when their education starts with normal school children from the beginning, they have to face many difficulties. So at the pre-primary level these children need to look at some skills in the preparation phase of education. For example, sitting still, focusing on where and when to work, following instructions, distinguishing between hearing and vision stimuli, interacting with peers, doing your own thing, talking to others, and so on.
People all over the world have a very humane and compassionate attitude towards people with disabilities or special needs. But in our country, as much has been done to bring all the other children with disabilities back into the mainstream, not so much has been done for the mentally handicapped children. Many people think that teaching these children in a special way is more effective than teaching them all in a normal school. However, in many countries around the world, there have been many successes in the mainstream education system. It is true that our country is showing goodwill even though it is a bit late there. Above all, it needs to be said that it is imperative that trained teachers use modern technology and teach according to the abilities of these students, without deviating from the mainstream of society. Why not, society cannot be built without someone. In the language of the poet -
” Whoever you put down will be bound to you.
You left at the back of the one who pulled you back. ”
Because it is a united world of people with different abilities
Love became beautiful in the genuine bond of love. “
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